臨床症状としては、片側の手足の脱力、感覚の喪失、目の前が暗くなるなどがよくみられます。 症状は通常1時間以上、長くても24時間以上続くことはなく、MRIやCT検査でも関連する脳病変は見つかりません。
脳卒中とは脳の発作です。 一過性脳虚血発作の初期には脳卒中の危険性が高いですが、必ずしも脳卒中になるわけではありません。 一過性脳虚血発作は、心筋梗塞や突然死のほか、自然に治るものもあれば、再発を繰り返し、脳卒中に発展することもあります。
椎骨脳底動脈系のTIAは、めまい、回転、ふらつき、異常な眼球運動、複視、顔面のしびれ、四肢の脱力、感覚喪失のほか、失神、転倒、今起こったことを思い出せないなどの特殊な症状として現れることがある。
以下の疾患はすべて一過性脳虚血発作に類似した症状を呈することがあり、通常、病歴、頭部CT、MRI、デジタルサブトラクション血管造影、その他の検査により医師が鑑別する。
メニエール病の症状は椎骨脳底系のTIAと類似しているが、発作の持続時間は長く、通常は24時間以上であり、耳鳴り、耳の閉塞感、発作を繰り返すと難聴を伴うことがある。
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